1、配電柜過(guo)(guo)載：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)隨著(zhu)人們生活的(de)提高(gao)(gao)，用(yong)電量普遍增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，原來(lai)的(de)配電變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量小，小馬拉大(da)車，不(bu)能滿(man)足用(yong)戶的(de)需要，造(zao)成變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)負(fu)載運(yun)行。二(er)是(shi)(shi)由于季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)和(he)天(tian)氣(qi)等原因造(zao)成用(yong)電高(gao)(gao)峰，使配電變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)載運(yun)行。由于變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)長期過(guo)(guo)載運(yun)行，造(zao)成變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)各部(bu)(bu)(bu)件、線圈、油(you)絕(jue)緣老化而使變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)負(fu)荷大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分隨季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)和(he)時(shi)(shi)間性(xing)分配，特別是(shi)(shi)在農村農忙季(ji)(ji)節(jie)配電變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)將在過(guo)(guo)負(fu)荷或滿(man)負(fu)荷下使用(yong)，在夜晚又是(shi)(shi)輕負(fu)荷使用(yong)，負(fu)荷曲(qu)線差值很大(da)，運(yun)行溫度 高(gao)(gao)達80℃以(yi)上(shang)，而 低(di)(di)(di)溫度在10℃。而且農村變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)檢修情況來(lai)看，每(mei)臺變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)底(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)水(shui)分平均(jun)達100g以(yi)上(shang)，這些水(shui)分都是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)熱脹冷縮的(de)呼(hu)吸空氣(qi)從油(you)中(zhong)沉淀下來(lai)的(de)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)缺油(you)使油(you)面(mian)降低(di)(di)(di)造(zao)成絕(jue)緣油(you)與(yu)空氣(qi)接觸面(mian)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)，加(jia)速了空氣(qi)中(zhong)水(shui)分進(jin)入油(you)面(mian)，降低(di)(di)(di)了變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)絕(jue)緣強(qiang)度，當絕(jue)緣降低(di)(di)(di)到值時(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)就發生了擊穿短路故障。如(ru)果你想了解 多可參考《東元配電柜的(de)規格(ge)》
2、對配電(dian)柜變(bian)壓(ya)器違(wei)章加(jia)油(you)：某電(dian)工對正在(zai)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)配電(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器加(jia)油(you)，時隔(ge)1h后，該(gai)變(bian)壓(ya)器高壓(ya)跌落開關保(bao)險熔絲熔斷兩相，并有輕微(wei)噴油(you)，經現場檢查，需要大修。造成(cheng)該(gai)變(bian)壓(ya)器燒毀的(de)(de)(de)主要原因：一是新加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器油(you)與該(gai)變(bian)壓(ya)器箱體內的(de)(de)(de)油(you)型號不(bu)一致，變(bian)壓(ya)器油(you)有幾種油(you)基(ji)，不(bu)同型號的(de)(de)(de)油(you)基(ji)原則上不(bu)能(neng)混用;二是在(zai)對該(gai)配電(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器加(jia)油(you)?泵揮型５紓斐殺(sha)溲蠱髂誆坷淙扔拖嗷(ao)旌螅酚土骷鈾伲魃(ba)淼撞康乃執(zhi)鷓返(fan)礁(jiao)叩脫瓜(gua)呷(xia)δ誆渴(ke)咕迪陸翟斐苫鞔┒搪?;三是加(jia)入了不(bu)合格變(bian)壓(ya)器油(you)。
3、無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)不當引(yin)起諧振(zhen)過電(dian)壓(ya)：為(wei)了(le)降低線損(sun)，提高設備(bei)的利用率，在(zai)(zai)《農村低壓(ya)電(dian)力技術規程》中規定配(pei)電(dian)變壓(ya)器容量在(zai)(zai)100kVA以上(shang)的宜(yi)采用無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)裝置。如果補(bu)償(chang)不當在(zai)(zai)運行的線路上(shang)總容抗(kang)和總感(gan)抗(kang)相等，則會在(zai)(zai)運行的該(gai)線路及設備(bei)內產生鐵磁諧振(zhen)，引(yin)起過電(dian)壓(ya)和過電(dian)流，燒(shao)毀配(pei)電(dian)變壓(ya)器和其它(ta)電(dian)氣設備(bei)。
4、系統(tong)(tong)鐵磁諧振過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：農網(wang)中10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)由于長短、對地(di)距離、導線規格不(bu)一(yi)致，再加上配(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器、電(dian)(dian)焊機、電(dian)(dian)容器以及大型負(fu)載的(de)投切等運行參(can)數(shu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)很大變(bian)(bian)化時，或10kV中性(xing)點(dian)不(bu)接地(di)系統(tong)(tong)單相間歇性(xing)接地(di)可能造(zao)成系統(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)諧振過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。一(yi)旦發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)系統(tong)(tong)諧振過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，輕者(zhe)(zhe)是將(jiang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)熔絲熔斷，重者(zhe)(zhe)將(jiang)會造(zao)成配(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器燒(shao)毀，個別情況(kuang)下(xia)將(jiang)引起配(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器套管發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)閃絡或爆炸。
